Subject: Polity
India is constituted as a Federal System, where power is divided between the Central Government and the States. The Constitution defines India as a "Union of States" (Article 1), ensuring that while states enjoy a degree of autonomy, they remain integral parts of a single nation. This structure is designed to manage the country’s vast cultural, linguistic, and regional diversity while maintaining national unity.
Key components of the federal system include a clear distribution of legislative, executive, and financial powers; a bicameral legislature that represents both the people and the states; and mechanisms for resolving inter-state disputes. Although the system is inherently federal, it also incorporates unitary features, making it a unique blend often described as quasi-federal.