Topic Details (Notes format)

Aldehydes and Ketones

Subject: Chemistry

Book: General Chemistry

Aldehydes (R–CHO) have a carbonyl group at the end of a carbon chain, while ketones (R–COR) have it internally. Both undergo nucleophilic addition, forming hydrates, hemiacetals, or full acetals with suitable reagents. They play vital roles in fragrance chemistry, polymer precursors, and biological pathways (e.g., glucose is an aldehyde sugar). Identifying and manipulating these functional groups is a core skill in organic synthesis.

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