Topic Details (Notes format)

Amendment of the Constitution (Article 368)

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Details the formal process to modify constitutional provisions. Amendments can be passed by a special majority of Parliament alone or in conjunction with state legislatures. This mechanism balances constitutional stability with flexibility, letting India adapt to emerging needs without undermining its core structure. Over 100 amendments have shaped issues like reservations, Panchayati Raj, and economic liberalization. However, the “basic structure doctrine” restricts amendments that alter the Constitution’s fundamental identity. Students must note key amendments like the 42nd (giving broad powers to Parliament), 44th (restoring checks), and 73rd/74th (strengthening local governance), revealing how the Constitution remains a living document.

Practice Questions

Which of the following is a Directive Principle of State Policy in India?

Which of the following is the longest serving Chief Minister in India?

सूचना का अधिकार किस अधिनियम के अंतर्गत आता है?

Which of the following provisions of the Indian Constitution is related to the financial emergency?

What is the maximum strength of the Legislative Assembly of a state?

राष्ट्रपति को हटाने की प्रक्रिया किस अनुच्छेद में प्रावधिक है?

संसद के अध्यक्ष को किस नाम से जाना जाता है?

Who has the authority to dissolve the Rajya Sabha?

कार्यपालिका के प्रमुख का चुनाव किसके द्वारा किया जाता है?

संसद की कार्यप्रणाली का प्रावधान किस अनुच्छेद में मिलता है?