Topic Details (Notes format)

Amendment of the Constitution (Article 368)

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Details the formal process to modify constitutional provisions. Amendments can be passed by a special majority of Parliament alone or in conjunction with state legislatures. This mechanism balances constitutional stability with flexibility, letting India adapt to emerging needs without undermining its core structure. Over 100 amendments have shaped issues like reservations, Panchayati Raj, and economic liberalization. However, the “basic structure doctrine” restricts amendments that alter the Constitution’s fundamental identity. Students must note key amendments like the 42nd (giving broad powers to Parliament), 44th (restoring checks), and 73rd/74th (strengthening local governance), revealing how the Constitution remains a living document.

Practice Questions

संसद द्वारा विधेयक का पुनर्विचार किस अनुच्छेद के अंतर्गत संभव है?

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भारतीय संसद की दो सदनों का नाम क्या है?

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संसद में विधेयक पर पुनर्विचार का अधिकार किसे है?

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Which of the following is the right of a citizen under the Indian Constitution?

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राज्यपाल के कर्तव्य किस अनुच्छेद में दिए गए हैं?

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भारतीय संसद में सर्वोच्च विधायी प्राधिकारी कौन है?

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Which of the following provisions of the Indian Constitution is related to the financial emergency?

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लोकसभा के सदस्यों के लिए न्यूनतम आयु क्या है?

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न्यायपालिका की संरचना में किसका प्रमुख योगदान होता है?

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संसद के अधिवेशन के अंतराल का निर्धारण किसके द्वारा किया जाता है?

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