Subject: Polity
Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth
Originally guaranteed protection of life and personal liberty only from executive action. Judicial interpretation has vastly expanded it to include rights to health, education, livelihood, environment, shelter, reputation, and a speedy trial. The Maneka Gandhi case (1978) famously introduced “due process of law,” ensuring reasonableness in state actions. Environmental jurisprudence (Ganga pollution, vehicular emissions) recognized a healthy environment as integral to life. This expansion ensures the Constitution remains responsive to modern challenges, balancing civil liberties with collective welfare. Critics caution about judicial overreach. Nonetheless, Article 21’s breadth exemplifies the dynamic nature of Indian constitutional law.
Which of the following is the highest judicial authority in India?
View QuestionWho was the first woman Chief Minister in India?
View Questionमौलिक अधिकारों के लिए न्यायिक संरक्षण किस अनुच्छेद के माध्यम से मिलता है?
View QuestionWhich article of the Indian Constitution allows the President to declare a National Emergency?
View QuestionWhat is the minimum age for a person to contest elections for the Lok Sabha?
View QuestionWhich article of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to freedom of speech and expression?
View Questionसंविधान सभा की बैठकें किस वर्ष प्रारंभ हुई थीं?
View QuestionWho was the first President of India?
View QuestionWhich article of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to life and personal liberty?
View Questionअभियोजक की नियुक्ति किस प्रावधान के तहत होती है?
View Question