Topic Details (Notes format)

Basic Structure Doctrine

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Propounded by the Supreme Court in the 1973 “Keshavananda Bharati” case, the doctrine holds that while Parliament can amend most parts of the Constitution, it cannot alter its “basic structure” or essential features. Though not exhaustively defined, key elements include judicial review, federalism, secularism, and the parliamentary form of government. Subsequent judgments expanded the list to include rule of law, freedom, and judicial independence. This doctrine safeguards democracy from potential legislative overreach and preserves constitutional identity. It signifies the judiciary’s pivotal role in maintaining India’s constitutional ethos by striking down amendments that violate core principles.

Practice Questions

भारतीय संविधान में नागरिकों के मौलिक अधिकार किस दस्तावेज़ में वर्णित हैं?

What is the maximum strength of the Legislative Assembly of a state?

Who among the following was the first woman Speaker of the Lok Sabha?

राज्यों के बीच शक्तियों का संतुलन किस सिद्धांत पर आधारित है?

न्यायपालिका के अधिकार का सबसे महत्वपूर्ण आधार क्या है?

Which is the largest state in India by area?

Which of the following is NOT a part of the Union List of the Indian Constitution?

भारत का राष्ट्रपति किस प्रक्रिया द्वारा चुना जाता है?

Who among the following appoints the Chief Election Commissioner of India?

संसद में मतभेद सुलझाने के लिए किस व्यवस्था का प्रयोग होता है?