Subject: Chemistry
Book: General Chemistry
A catalyst speeds up a reaction by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy, without being permanently consumed. Common catalysts include enzymes in biological systems and metal surfaces in industrial processes (e.g., platinum in catalytic converters). Homogeneous catalysts are in the same phase as reactants, while heterogeneous catalysts are in a different phase. Effective use of catalysts improves efficiency and reduces waste in chemical manufacturing.
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