Subject: Polity
Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth
Articles 21A and 45 highlight the state’s duty to provide free and compulsory education to children (6–14 years), while the Right to Education Act operationalizes it. Concurrent list status means both center and states legislate on curricula, teacher recruitment, and quality standards. Constitutional amendments like 86th (introducing Article 21A) reflect national prioritization of universal literacy and skill development. Midday meal schemes, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, and NEP 2020 further educational goals. However, disparities persist in infrastructure, teacher training, and digital access. Safeguards ensure no child is discriminated against, reinforcing inclusive growth as mandated by India’s welfare orientation.
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