Topic Details (Notes format)

Doctrine of Separation of Powers

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Proposes distinct legislative, executive, and judicial branches, preventing concentration of power. While India does not practice absolute separation—functioning instead with overlapping roles—courts have maintained checks (through judicial review), the legislature can question the executive, and the executive can issue ordinances. The system ensures each organ respects the sphere of the others. Landmark judgments (Indira Gandhi vs Raj Narain) reinforced institutional independence. Critics note that too much overlap can foster friction or confusion, but properly balanced, it safeguards democracy from authoritarian tendencies. Recognizing these nuances is crucial for understanding India’s constitutional design and checks-and-balances framework.

Practice Questions

What is the minimum age required to become the President of India?

Which of the following is a feature of the Indian Parliamentary System?

Which article of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to freedom of speech and expression?

राज्यपाल के कर्तव्य किस अनुच्छेद में दिए गए हैं?

Who is the first woman President of India?

मौलिक अधिकारों के लिए न्यायिक संरक्षण किस अनुच्छेद के माध्यम से मिलता है?

किस संविधान संशोधन में "सौम्य" शब्द की जगह "विनम्र" शब्द का उपयोग किया गया?

राष्ट्रपति की अनुपस्थिति में संसद में किस सत्र को आयोजित किया जाता है?

Which of the following is the right of a citizen under the Indian Constitution?

Who among the following was the first woman Governor of an Indian state?