Topic Details (Notes format)

Economic Reforms of 1991

Subject: Economics

Book: Comprehensive Indian Economy

In 1991, India faced a severe balance of payments crisis that triggered sweeping reforms known as Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization (LPG). These reforms dismantled the license-quota system, opened markets to foreign investment, devalued the rupee for export competitiveness, and paved the way for private sector efficiency. The goal was to integrate India with the global economy and revive growth by reducing state controls. Exam-oriented insights include the reasons for the crisis, specifics of structural adjustment policies, and the impact on sectors like banking, trade, and manufacturing over subsequent decades.

Practice Questions

What is the objective of the Goods and Services Tax (GST)?

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What is the primary purpose of Special Economic Zones (SEZs)?

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What does the term “capital account” refer to in the balance of payments?

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What is the term for the ability of an economy to produce more output from the same inputs?

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Which of the following is NOT an example of a direct tax?

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Which of the following is a characteristic of “perfect competition”?

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What is meant by “crowding out” in economics?

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What is the primary role of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)?

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What is the “law of diminishing marginal utility”?

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Which of the following is a feature of monopolistic competition?

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