Topic Details (Notes format)

External Sector Overview

Subject: Economics

Book: Comprehensive Indian Economy

India’s external sector includes trade in goods/services, capital flows (FDI, FPI), external commercial borrowings, and currency exchange. Policies strive to maintain a healthy balance of payments and adequate foreign exchange reserves. Key agencies—like the Directorate General of Foreign Trade—oversee export-import regulations. The shift from a closed economy to an export-oriented one brought new challenges: trade imbalances, currency fluctuations, and global competitiveness. Exam angles often cover India’s major trading partners, trade deficits with specific blocs, and how FTAs shape domestic industries. Students should also watch for external shocks like global oil price spikes or changing US Fed rates.

Practice Questions

Which of the following is NOT a component of Aggregate Demand?

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Which of the following is an example of a non-renewable resource?

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Which of the following is an example of a public sector undertaking (PSU) in India?

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Which of the following best describes “capital formation”?

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What is the main purpose of monetary policy?

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What is the primary role of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)?

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What is the objective of the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana?

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Which of the following is an example of a renewable resource?

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Which term refers to an economy that has elements of both capitalism and socialism?

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What is meant by “structural unemployment”?

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