Topic Details (Notes format)

Fundamental Duties (Article 51A)

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Added by the 42nd Amendment (1976), these eleven duties exhort citizens to respect the Constitution, uphold sovereignty, defend the country, and preserve its composite culture. They also call for fostering scientific temper, safeguarding public property, and striving for excellence. Though not legally enforceable, courts may consider them in interpreting laws and shaping jurisprudence on civic responsibility. These duties remind citizens that rights come with obligations, promoting a participatory ethos vital for sustaining a healthy democracy. They also help galvanize national unity by underscoring the moral responsibilities expected from every Indian citizen.

Practice Questions

Which of the following is NOT a function of the President of India?

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Who was the first woman Chief Minister in India?

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आपातकाल की घोषणा के लिए प्रत्येक सदन में कितने प्रतिशत मतों की आवश्यकता होती है?

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Who among the following was the first woman Speaker of the Lok Sabha?

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Who among the following is known as the "Father of the Nation" in India?

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Which article of the Indian Constitution allows the President to declare a National Emergency?

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न्यायिक स्वतंत्रता सुनिश्चित करने के लिए किस सिद्धांत का पालन किया जाता है?

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Who among the following is the ex-officio Chairman of the National Human Rights Commission of India?

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Which of the following is NOT a power of the President of India?

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