Subject: Chemistry
Book: General Chemistry
Geometric (cis–trans or E–Z) isomers arise from restricted rotation around a bond, often a double bond or ring. In cis isomers, substituents are on the same side, while in trans isomers they are on opposite sides. E–Z notation uses atomic priorities to assign configuration. These isomers differ in physical properties like boiling point and polarity. Geometric isomerism is critical in biochemistry (e.g., retinal in vision).
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