Topic Details (Notes format)

Heredity and Genetic Variation

Subject: General Science

Book: NCERT Biology Class 12

Study of genetic inheritance and evolution.
- **Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance**:
- Dominance, segregation, independent assortment.
- **Genetic Disorders**:
- Hemophilia, sickle cell anemia, Down syndrome.
- **Mutation and Its Effects**:
- Gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations.

**Possible Exam Questions:**
1. Explain Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
2. What are genetic disorders? Give examples.
3. How does mutation lead to genetic variation?
4. Differentiate between dominant and recessive traits.
5. What is the significance of genetic recombination?

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