Topic Details (Notes format)

Industrial Policy and Growth

Subject: Economics

Book: Comprehensive Indian Economy

India’s industrial policy has transitioned from a tightly controlled regime—featuring licenses and quotas—to one encouraging private enterprise and FDI. Key phases include the 1956 Industrial Policy Resolution, liberalization post-1991, and recent initiatives like “Make in India.” Core challenges involve infrastructure bottlenecks, labor law rigidities, and technology gaps. MSMEs form the backbone, generating significant employment, but require better credit access and modern managerial practices. Students should explore how industrial corridors, export promotion strategies, and skill development programs shape sectoral growth and global competitiveness, especially in manufacturing and innovation-led industries.

Practice Questions

What does “balance of trade” refer to?

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Which of the following is an example of a public sector undertaking (PSU) in India?

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Which of the following statements best defines Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

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Which of the following sectors contributes the most to India’s GDP?

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Which of the following is NOT an example of a direct tax?

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What is the objective of the Goods and Services Tax (GST)?

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Which of the following is a feature of a command economy?

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What is the “law of diminishing marginal utility”?

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What is the concept of “invisible hand” associated with?

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What is meant by “monetary policy”?

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