Topic Details (Notes format)

Introduction to Hypothesis Testing (Null vs. Alternative)

Subject: Mathematics

Book: Maths Mastery

Hypothesis testing checks if sample data provides enough evidence to reject a null hypothesis (status quo). The alternative hypothesis posits an effect or difference. For example, testing if a new drug is more effective than a current standard: H₀: no difference, H₁: drug is more effective. Statistical methods (z-test, t-test) measure if observed data significantly deviates from H₀ assumptions. A p-value < α (significance level) suggests rejecting H₀. Hypothesis testing is foundational in science, business analytics, and policymaking, ensuring data-driven decisions. Mastery fosters rigorous interpretation of test results and minimized false conclusions.

Practice Questions

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If 3x = 81, what is the value of x?

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A rectangle has a length of 10 cm and a width of 5 cm. What is the diagonal of the rectangle?

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The LCM of two numbers is 60, and their HCF is 5. If one of the numbers is 20, what is the other number?

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If a cone has a radius of 5 cm and a height of 12 cm, what is its slant height?

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If sin(θ) = 0.6 and θ is acute, what is cos(θ)?

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