Topic Details (Notes format)

Markovnikov’s Rule

Subject: Chemistry

Book: General Chemistry

Markovnikov’s rule states that in the electrophilic addition of HX to an unsymmetrical alkene, the hydrogen attaches to the carbon with more hydrogens, while the halide (X) attaches to the more substituted carbon. This trend arises from carbocation or transition state stability. Peroxide-initiated additions can reverse this outcome (anti-Markovnikov). Markovnikov’s rule guides synthetic strategies for predictable addition products.

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