Subject: Polity
Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth
An urban local body governing medium-sized towns or cities. Comprised of elected councilors representing wards, it is led by a Chairperson or President. Responsibilities encompass water supply, street lighting, road maintenance, waste collection, public health measures, and urban amenities. Funding comes from property taxes, grants, and user fees. The Municipal Council is accountable to the state government, which can supersede it in certain conditions. With the 74th Amendment, states must regularly conduct elections and devolve functions. Councils face challenges like limited revenue autonomy and staff shortages but remain critical for shaping city-level policies, bridging citizen needs with state-level directives.
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