Topic Details (Notes format)

PESA Act: Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas)

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Enacted in 1996 to extend Part IX provisions (73rd Amendment) to Fifth Schedule areas, recognizing tribal customs, resource rights, and Gram Sabha supremacy. PESA empowers tribal communities to manage minor forest produce, prevent land alienation, and self-govern according to local traditions. It mandates Gram Sabha consent before land acquisitions or mining licenses. Implementation is uneven; states often dilute PESA in their rules. Conflicts with mainstream bureaucracy hamper local autonomy. Still, PESA remains a landmark in decentralized tribal governance, bridging customary laws with constitutional frameworks. Comprehensive enforcement can fortify tribal identity, resource management, and grassroot democracy in scheduled regions.

Practice Questions

Which of the following is NOT a function of the President of India?

Which of the following is a feature of the Indian Parliament?

What is the minimum age for a person to contest elections for the Lok Sabha?

लोकसभा का चुनाव किस प्रकार से होता है?

राष्ट्रपति की अनुपस्थिति में संसद में किस सत्र को आयोजित किया जाता है?

भारत का राष्ट्रपति किस प्रक्रिया द्वारा चुना जाता है?

Who has the authority to remove the Vice President of India from office?

What is the maximum strength of the Rajya Sabha?

संसद कार्यवाही की समय सीमा किस अनुच्छेद में उल्लिखित है?

न्यायपालिका की संरचना में किसका प्रमुख योगदान होता है?