Topic Details (Notes format)

PESA Act: Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas)

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Enacted in 1996 to extend Part IX provisions (73rd Amendment) to Fifth Schedule areas, recognizing tribal customs, resource rights, and Gram Sabha supremacy. PESA empowers tribal communities to manage minor forest produce, prevent land alienation, and self-govern according to local traditions. It mandates Gram Sabha consent before land acquisitions or mining licenses. Implementation is uneven; states often dilute PESA in their rules. Conflicts with mainstream bureaucracy hamper local autonomy. Still, PESA remains a landmark in decentralized tribal governance, bridging customary laws with constitutional frameworks. Comprehensive enforcement can fortify tribal identity, resource management, and grassroot democracy in scheduled regions.

Practice Questions

राज्य सरकारों के अधिकार किस अनुच्छेद में वर्णित हैं?

अभियोजक की स्वतंत्रता किस सिद्धांत पर आधारित है?

किस संविधान संशोधन ने निर्वाचन प्रणाली में सुधार किया?

Who is the first woman President of India?

Who has the authority to dissolve the Rajya Sabha?

Who appoints the members of the Finance Commission of India?

न्यायपालिका की स्वतंत्रता किस अनुच्छेद में सुनिश्चित की गई है?

विधेयक पारित करने की प्रक्रिया किस प्रावधान के अंतर्गत आती है?

What is the maximum number of members in the Legislative Council of a state?

भारतीय संसद की दो सदनों का नाम क्या है?