Topic Details (Notes format)

PESA Act: Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas)

Subject: Polity

Book: Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

Enacted in 1996 to extend Part IX provisions (73rd Amendment) to Fifth Schedule areas, recognizing tribal customs, resource rights, and Gram Sabha supremacy. PESA empowers tribal communities to manage minor forest produce, prevent land alienation, and self-govern according to local traditions. It mandates Gram Sabha consent before land acquisitions or mining licenses. Implementation is uneven; states often dilute PESA in their rules. Conflicts with mainstream bureaucracy hamper local autonomy. Still, PESA remains a landmark in decentralized tribal governance, bridging customary laws with constitutional frameworks. Comprehensive enforcement can fortify tribal identity, resource management, and grassroot democracy in scheduled regions.

Practice Questions

Which of the following is a provision related to the financial powers of the Parliament?

In India, the power to declare war and peace is vested in which of the following?

भारतीय संविधान में मौलिक कर्तव्यों का प्रावधान किस अनुच्छेद में है?

लोकसभा का चुनाव किस प्रकार से होता है?

Who appoints the members of the Election Commission of India?

What is the term of office of a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA)?

भारतीय संसद में सर्वोच्च विधायी प्राधिकारी कौन है?

विधेयक पारित करने की प्रक्रिया किस प्रावधान के अंतर्गत आती है?

Who was the first woman Prime Minister of India?

आपातकाल की घोषणा के लिए केंद्रीय सरकार को अतिरिक्त शक्तियाँ किस अनुच्छेद द्वारा दी जाती हैं?