Topic Details (Notes format)

Research & Development and Innovation

Subject: Economics

Book: Comprehensive Indian Economy

Investment in R&D fosters technological advancement, higher productivity, and global competitiveness. India’s R&D spend remains modest compared to developed nations, concentrated in defense and space. Private sector involvement is growing in pharmaceuticals, IT, and automotive sectors. Government initiatives like Make in India, Atal Innovation Mission, and dedicated innovation labs encourage startups, but bridging lab-to-market gaps remains a challenge. Exam queries might revolve around IPR regimes, venture capital ecosystems, and the link between university research and commercial products. Strengthening patent enforcement and building a robust knowledge economy is a strategic imperative for higher-value exports.

Practice Questions

What is “open market operations” (OMO)?

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What is the main objective of disinvestment in public sector undertakings (PSUs)?

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What does the term "depreciation" refer to in the context of assets?

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Which of the following is an example of a public sector undertaking (PSU) in India?

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What is a “repo rate”?

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What is meant by “liquidity trap”?

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What is the objective of the Goods and Services Tax (GST)?

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Which of the following is NOT a component of Aggregate Demand?

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Which of the following is NOT part of the World Bank Group?

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Which is the largest source of tax revenue for the Government of India?

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