Topic Details (Notes format)

Social Sector Reforms: Health and Education

Subject: Economics

Book: Comprehensive Indian Economy

Robust human capital underpins long-term growth. Public health initiatives—such as Ayushman Bharat—aim to expand insurance coverage, while education missions stress universal enrolment and digital literacy. Exam angles include analyzing out-of-pocket expenditure vs. public funding, the role of private schools vs. government schools, and bridging rural-urban divides in service quality. Critically, India’s healthcare infrastructure remains uneven; primary and tertiary care are under strain. Understanding how policy interventions—like midday meals, integrated child development services—improve retention and nutritional outcomes strengthens social sector coverage in exam essays.

Practice Questions

What is meant by “structural unemployment”?

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Which of the following is an example of a public sector undertaking (PSU) in India?

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Which term refers to the decrease in the value of a currency relative to foreign currencies?

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What is “open market operations” (OMO)?

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What does “balance of trade” refer to?

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What is the concept of “invisible hand” associated with?

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Which organization publishes the Human Development Index (HDI)?

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What is the primary role of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)?

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What does the Gini Coefficient measure?

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Which of the following factors is NOT included in the calculation of Human Development Index (HDI)?

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