Topic Details (Notes format)

Tax Structure and Reforms

Subject: Economics

Book: Comprehensive Indian Economy

India’s tax system comprises direct taxes (income tax, corporate tax) and indirect taxes (GST, customs, excise). GST subsumed numerous state and central levies, simplifying compliance and unifying markets. Ongoing reforms include rationalizing tax slabs, broadening the base, and improving digital compliance (e-filing, e-way bills). From an exam standpoint, note the difference between progressive and regressive taxation, how TDS works, and the rationale behind occasional surcharges or cesses. Contemporary debates revolve around reducing corporate tax rates to spur investment while ensuring enough revenue to fund welfare programs.

Practice Questions

Which of the following is an example of a public sector undertaking (PSU) in India?

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What is the main objective of disinvestment in public sector undertakings (PSUs)?

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What is “quantitative easing”?

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What does the “Phillips Curve” show?

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Which of the following measures can reduce a trade deficit?

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Which of the following causes demand-pull inflation?

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What does “Laissez-faire” policy advocate?

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What is meant by “crowding out” in economics?

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Which organization publishes the Human Development Index (HDI)?

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What does the term "depreciation" refer to in the context of assets?

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